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哮喘相關(guān)知識之三

2018-03-05 來源:健客社區(qū)  標(biāo)簽: 掌上醫(yī)生 喝茶減肥 一天瘦一斤 安全減肥 cps聯(lián)盟 美容護(hù)膚
摘要:Accumulatesecretionstimulatethecough,thecoughbecomesrattling,andthereisproductionoffrothy,clear,gelatinoussputum.
嗨,晚上好,學(xué)習(xí)完了哮喘的定義,刺激源,評估,藥物,今天學(xué)習(xí)完急性哮喘發(fā)作,以及實驗診斷。
 
急性哮喘發(fā)作的表現(xiàn)(Acuteasthmaattacks):
 
Episodesincludeprogressivelyworseningshortnessofbreath,cough,wheezing,chesttightness,decreasesinexpitatoryairflowsecondarytobronchospasm,mucosaledema,andmucusplugging,airistrappedbehindoccludedornarrowairways,andhypoxemiacanoccur.
 
Theattackbeginswithirritability,restlessness,headache,feelingtired,orchesttightness,justbeforethetheattack,thechildmaypresentwithitchinglocalizedatthefrontoftheneckoroverpartoftheback.
 
Respiratorysymptomsincludeahacking,irritable,nonproductivecoughbybronchialedema.
 
Accumulatesecretionstimulatethecough,thecoughbecomesrattling,andthereisproductionoffrothy,clear,gelatinoussputum.
 
Retraction,cyanosis,apprehension.
 
Breathsoundsarecoarseandloud,withcrackles,coarserhonchi,andinspiratoryandexpiratorywheezing,expirationisprolonged.
 
Childspeaksinshort,brokenphrases.
 
Tripodsittingpositionorsitupright.
 
Severespasmorobstruction:Breathsoundsandwheezingcannotbeheard(slientchest),andcoughisineffective(representalackofairmovement).
 
Ventilatoryfailureandasphyxia(窒息):shortnessofbreath,withairmovementinthechestrestrictedtothepointofabsentbreathsounds,isnoted;thisisaccompaniedbyasuddenincreaseintherespiratoryrate.
 
Laboratoryteststoassistindiagnosisasthma:
 
1,Pulmonaryfunctiontests:Spirometrytestingassessespresenceanddegreeofdiseaseandcandetermineresponsetotreatment.
 
2.Peakexpiratoryflowratemeasurement:
 
measuresmaximumflowofairthatcanbeforcefullyexhaledin1second;
 
childusesapeakexpiratoryflowmetertodeterminea“personalbestvalue”thatcanbeusedforcomparisonatothertimes,suchasduringandafteranasthmaattack.
 
3.Bronchoprovocationtesting:
 
Toidentifyinhaledallergens,mucousmembranesaredirectlyexposedtosuspectedallergeninincreasingamounts.
 
[[[Duringthetest,youwillbeaskedtoinhaledosesofmethacholine,adrugthatcancausenarrowingoftheairways,similartothoseseeninasthma.Abreathingtestwillberepeatedaftereachdoseofmethacholinetomeasurethedegreeofnarrowingorconstrictionoftheairways.Theteststartswithaverysmalldoseofmethacholineand,dependingonyourresponse,thedoseswillbeincreaseduntileitheryouexperience20percentdropinbreathingability,oryoureachamaximumdosewithnochangeinyourlungfunction.]]]
 
4.Skintesting:Donetoidentifyspecificallergens.
 
5.Exercisechallenges:Exerciseisusedtoidentifytheoccurrenceofecercise-inducedbronchospasm.
 
6.Radioallergosorbenttest:bloodtestuesdtoidentifyaspecificallergen.
 
7.Chestradiograph:mayshowhyperexpansionoftheairway.
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